3D-printed coaxial intelligent fibers with multimodal sensing capabilities for e-skin

面向电子皮肤的具备多模态感知能力的 3D 打印同轴智能纤维

Huilan Jing, Juan Li, Haoran Zheng, Pinjing Lu, Siwen Yu, Jianjun Guo, Yuchuan Cheng*, Aihua Sun*

景慧澜，李娟，郑浩然，卢品静，余四文，郭建军，程昱川*，孙爱华*

全文链接：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.176102

Abstract

      具备多模态感知能力的电子皮肤（e-skins）是构建沉浸式人机交互界面和软体机器人的关键。然而，如何在紧凑的结构中集成多维度信号感知能力仍是一个严峻的挑战。在此，我们报道了一种基于同轴 3D 打印技术的智能纤维网，实现了对触觉压力、磁场强度及应变的综合检测。利用同轴直写（DIW）打印技术，我们制备了一种具有核壳结构的纤维：其核层由剪切取向的多壁碳纳米管/石墨烯组成，用于精确的电阻式应变传感；其壳层为掺杂了羰基铁粉和钛酸钡的磁介电材料，基于压电效应和磁介电效应实现电容式双模传感。得益于共价交联作用，所得电子皮肤展现出卓越的界面耐久性，并能实现触觉反馈、非接触式信息编码以及人体运动监测之间的无缝衔接，为下一代感觉运动自主系统奠定了基础。

  Electronic skins (e-skins) capable of multimodal perception capabilities are pivotal for immersive human-machine interfaces and soft robotics. However, integrating multiple signal sensing capabilities within a compact architecture remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we report a coaxial 3D-printed intelligent fiber mesh that achieves the detection of tactile pressure, magnetic field strength, and strain. Utilizing coaxial direct ink writing, we fabricate a core-shell fiber featuring a shear-aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube/graphene core for precise resistive strain sensing, and a magneto-dielectric shell doped with carbonyl iron powder and barium titanate for capacitive dual-mode sensing based on the piezoelectric and magnetodielectric effects. The resulting e-skin exhibits exceptional interfacial durability due to covalent cross-linking and enables seamless transitions between tactile feedback and touchless information encoding, and human motion monitoring, paving the way for next-generation sensorimotor autonomous systems.

Highligts

•  Flexible sensing structure fabricated by one-step coaxial 3D printing
•  Integration of dual-mode capacitive sensing and resistive sensing functionalities
•  Capable of sensing pressure, magnetic field and strain signals