4D Printing of Programmable Liquid-Vapor Phase Change Composites for Multi-Responsive Flexible Actuators
基于多重响应的液气相变弹性体的4D打印柔性执行器
Hongru Zheng#, Mingquan Fang#, Fei Long, Huilan Jing, Bing Wang, Xunye Fan, Jianjun Guo, Yuchuan Cheng*, Aihua Sun
郑洪茹#，方明权#，龙菲，景慧澜，王兵，樊勋业，郭建军，程昱川*，孙爱华
全文链接：https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2025/ta/d5ta01299f
Abstract
柔性智能材料因其高拉伸强度、可逆变形和环境适应性，广泛应用于软体机器人、柔性电子设备等领域。本文提出了一种新型磁热响应型液气相变复合材料，集膨胀变形和承载功能于一体。纳米Fe3O4颗粒的磁热效应驱动弹性体内部低沸点液体发生液气相变。该双层结构结合主动层和被动层，可实现多种结构和变形。液气相变材料作为主动层提供可逆膨胀变形；有机硅弹性体作为被动层提供约束，从而驱动双层结构弯曲膨胀。本文利用3D打印技术制备了适用于不同应用的功能驱动器，例如柔性夹持器、承载穹顶结构和按需变形开关。此外，本文还结合动、静磁场，开发了一种双响应靶向输送结构。这些柔性执行器结合了多种特性，包括可定制的结构和变形、可逆的膨胀变形、可拉伸性和承载能力，这可能为柔性电子设备和软机器人开辟新的应用途径。
Flexible intelligent materials are extensively utilized in fields such as soft robotics and flexible electronic devices due to their high tensile strength, reversible deformation, and environmental adaptability. A novel magneto-thermal responsive liquid-vapor phase transition composite material is proposed, integrating expansion deformation and load-bearing functions. The liquid-vapor phase change of low-boiling-point liquids within the elastomer is driven by the magnetocaloric effect of nano-Fe3O4 particles. The bilayer structure, which combines active and passive layers, can achieve various structures and deformations. The liquid-vapor phase change material serves as the active layer, providing reversible expansion deformation, while the silicone elastomer functions as the passive layer, providing constraint, thus driving the bilayer structure to bend and expand. Functional actuators suitable for different applications, such as flexible grippers, load-bearing dome structures, and on-demand deformation switches, were manufactured using 3D printing technology. Additionally, dual-response targeted delivery structures were developed by combining dynamic and static magnetic fields. These flexible actuators combine multiple characteristics, including customizable structures and deformations, reversible expansion deformation, stretchability, and load-bearing capacity, potentially opening new application avenues in flexible electronic devices and soft robotics.
